Uncategorized | October 15, 2024
P-Trap vs. S-Trap: The Best Guide for Your Plumbing
Thumbnail Image Credit: Oatey
If you’ve ever taken a look under your sink or examined the plumbing in your bathroom, you’ve likely encountered either a P-trap or an S-trap. These are critical parts of any drainage system, but while they might seem similar at first glance, there are some notable differences between the two.
In this blog, we’ll break down everything you need to know about these two traps, from their designs and functions to why P-traps are now the go-to standard in modern plumbing.
Understanding the Basics
Before we dive into the differences, it’s essential to understand what exactly these plumbing traps do.
Both traps serve the same primary purpose: they create a water seal that prevents foul-smelling sewer gases from entering your home. Without these traps, the gases in the sewage system could rise up through the drains, leaving your bathroom or kitchen smelling awful.
However, the key differences lie in their designs, how they prevent siphoning, and their overall effectiveness.
What Is a P-Trap
A P-trap is a U-shaped pipe that’s installed beneath sinks, toilets, and other fixtures. It retains a small amount of water in its curve to form a barrier, which stops sewer gases from coming back up through the drain.
Here’s why it’s widely used in modern plumbing:
- Ventilation: One of the standout features is that it includes a vent pipe, typically extending to the roof, that prevents the trap from siphoning water out. This venting makes it much more reliable in maintaining the water seal.
- Siphon Protection: Thanks to the vent, it minimizes the risk of siphoning. When water flows down the drain, the vent allows air to enter the system, balancing pressure and preventing the water from being sucked out of the trap.
- Waste Arm Extension: It also feature a waste arm extension, which further reduces the chances of siphoning by ensuring smooth drainage.
What Is an S-Trap?
(Credit: Structure Tech)
An S-trap gets its name from its resemblance to the letter “S.” While it also traps water to prevent sewer gases from escaping, its design poses some significant challenges:
- No Ventilation: Unlike P-traps, S-traps lack a dedicated vent. This means that when water flows through the pipe, it can create a siphoning action, which pulls the water out of the trap and leaves it dry. Once dry, sewer gases can flow freely into your home.
- Siphoning Issues: It’s design makes it more prone to siphoning, especially in fixtures that don’t have consistent water flow. If the trap dries out, the seal is broken, allowing foul odors to escape.
- Old-Fashioned Design: It was more common in older homes but is no longer allowed under modern plumbing codes due to its flaws.
Key Differences Between P-Traps and S-Trap
Now that you know the basics, let’s explore the main differences between these two traps in more detail.
1. Design and Functionality
- P-Trap: Has a horizontal waste arm and a vent to prevent siphoning. It creates a more effective and long-lasting water seal.
- S-Trap: Lacks a vent and relies purely on the S-shape to hold water. This design makes it more likely to dry out due to siphoning.
2. Installation Location
- P-Traps: Commonly used in all modern plumbing installations, including sinks, toilets, and showers. They’re more versatile because of their efficient design and compliance with modern plumbing codes.
- S-Traps: Generally found in older homes or plumbing systems. They are often used in places where venting isn’t possible, though their use is now largely prohibited.
3. Siphon Prevention
- P-Trap: The inclusion of a vent helps equalize air pressure, preventing siphoning and ensuring a stable water barrier.
- S-Trap: More prone to siphoning issues due to the lack of a vent, meaning the water seal can easily break.
4. Legal Status and Code Compliance
- P-Trap: Fully compliant with modern plumbing codes.
- S-Trap: Outlawed in many areas because of the siphoning risk and the potential for sewer gases to leak into the home.
Why Are S-Traps No Longer Used?
While S-traps were common in older homes, they are now considered outdated and, in some regions, even illegal. Here’s why:
- Siphoning Risk: As we’ve mentioned, the main issue with these traps is is siphoning. When water is drained, the lack of ventilation can pull water out of the trap, leaving it dry and useless as a barrier against sewer gases.
- Health Hazards: The risk of sewer gas leaks isn’t just a nuisance—it’s a potential health hazard. Prolonged exposure to sewer gases like methane and hydrogen sulfide can cause serious health problems, including respiratory issues.
- Code Violations: Modern building codes require traps with vents to prevent siphoning. Installing an S-trap today could lead to failed inspections or even fines.
Final Thoughts: Why P-Traps Are the Better Option
In nearly all situations, P-traps are the superior choice over S-traps. They provide better siphoning prevention, comply with modern plumbing codes, and are more effective at blocking sewer gases. If you’re renovating or building a new home, choosing P-traps is a no-brainer.
If you’re dealing with an old S-trap system and want to upgrade, consider consulting a professional plumber to ensure everything is done up to code.
Call 1-Tom-Plumber
Don’t hesitate to contact us here or call us at 1-Tom-Plumber (1-866-758-6237) if you need any plumbing, drain cleaning, water damage, or excavation service. 1-Tom-Plumber’s certified team of plumbers and drain technicians respond immediately to any emergency plumbing, drain cleaning, or water damage problem. We also handle the excavation of underground water lines and sewer main lines. Our immediate-response team is available every day and night of the year, even on holidays.